How do sprinkler systems work?

Sprinkler systems are an important aspect of maintaining a healthy and lush lawn or garden. They are designed to provide a consistent and controlled amount of water to your plants, ensuring that they have enough moisture to thrive. In this blog, we will explore the different components of a sprinkler system, how they work together, and how to properly maintain them.

What’s in a sprinkler system

First, let's start with the main components of a sprinkler system:

• Water source: This is the point where the water enters the system. It is typically a connection to your water main or a well.
• Backflow preventer: This device prevents water from flowing back into your water supply. This is an essential safety feature typically required in all sprinkler systems.
• Control valves and solenoid valves: These electronic valves receive signals from your controller to regulate the flow of water to the different sections of the system.
• Sprinkler heads: These are the pieces that distribute the water to the lawn or garden. Typical examples are spray heads, rotary spray heads, and drip or soaker heads.
• Controller: This is the brain of an irrigation system; it determines when and how long the system will run for.

How sprinkler systems work

Now, let's take a look at how these components work together:

• Water enters the system through the water source and flows through the backflow preventer to your control valves.
• Your controller sends electrical signals to one of your valves and prompts it to open based on either a pre-set schedule or input from a user (like within the Rachio app). Fun fact: Rachio introduced the first smart sprinkler controller in 2014. For in-ground systems, Rachio 3 Smart Sprinkler Controller allows you to set a schedule or start a Quick Run from your phone.
• When the control valve receives an electrical signal, it opens to allow the flow of water to a section of your yard. This section is typically referred to as a zone.
• The sprinkler heads distribute water.
• After a period of time, the controller stops the electrical signal to your control valve and it shuts, stopping the flow of water. In a typical schedule, the controller then sends a signal to the next valve to water another zone.

It's important to note that there are different types of sprinkler systems available. The description above most closely resembles an in-ground irrigation system, but could also apply to above-ground systems.

There are also different types of sprinkler heads such as rotors, sprays, and drip systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Your location, plant types, and existing infrastructure will dictate what type of sprinkler system is best for you. And if you need a second opinion, consider consulting with a local irrigation professional for more information.